Water Efficiency and Management for Restaurants
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority

The MWRA's Industrial, Commercial and Institutional (ICI) Program was developed to help businesses, industries and institutions improve their water efficiency. Since its formation in 1989, the ICI program has helped many companies in the MWRA service area reduce their water consumption, thereby reducing operational costs.

Over the last few years, the ICI program has completed almost a dozen surveys and water efficiency plans for both large and small restaurants. These are businesses providing meals in traditional restaurants as well as in hotels and commercial buildings that serve food in cafeterias.

Local restaurants ranging in size capacity from 85 seats to 1,500 seats and serving an average of 2,000 meals per week up to 40,000, have benefited from the MWRA's water efficiency studies. Water consumption has ranged from under 1 million gallons to 13 million gallons per year with the amount of water used to produce a meal ranging from 6 gallons per meal to 29 gallons per meal.

WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Initiate a water management plan at your facility with the following steps:

• Management support
• Employee interest, input and ideas
• Customer participation (Bathroom mirror stickers encouraging water conservation are available)
• Identify all water using systems and equipment
• Determine how much water your facility uses
• Look for ways to reduce overall water consumption
  

The ICI program has instructional guides that will help you start a water management plan of your own at your facility.

Important Note: Before implementing a water conservation measure be sure to follow all rules and regulations regarding public health and safety requirements and the Massachusetts Plumbing Code.

Listed below are some suggestions and examples of Water Efficiency Measures (WEMs) for restaurants that have proven successful or have potential applications in businesses in the MWRA service area. Water and sewer rates, as well as cost/savings payback, are based on 1993 figures for all examples.

KITCHEN OPERATIONS

Dishwashers

• Reduce prewash spray fixtures to minimum necessary.
• Check with manufacturer to see if dishwasher spray heads can be replaced with more efficient heads, or if flow regulators can be installed.
• Operate dishwashers with full loads only and shut off when they are not in use. In conveyor type washer, ensure that water flow stops when there are no dishes in the washer. Install a sensing arm, or ware gate that will detect the presence of dishes and shut off water when there are no dishes on the conveyor.
• Evaluate reuse of rinse water for garbage disposer or scrapper trough.

Case Study Example #1
Bob the Chef's, in Boston's South End, can save an estimated 51,000 gallons of heated water per year by replacing their prewash spray head with a low flow model. This measure results in a savings of $540 in water and energy costs. With an initial investment of $200 the payback is realized in under five months.

Case Study Example #2
Anthony's Pier 4 in Boston has an opportunity to save approximately 225,000 gallons of water annually with the installation of a dishware sensing gate in one of their dishwashers. The initial cost of the device is $1,200, and the value of heated water saved is $2,700 per year. The payback occurs in approximately five months.

Other Items

• Check flow of water to scrapper trough and reduce to minimum necessary. In larger establishments consider a conveyer-type scrapper system.
• Control the flow of water to the garbage disposer with a solenoid valve that shuts the water off when the unit is not operating or, if possible, consider eliminating the use of garbage disposers altogether.
• Turn off continuous flows or unnecessary flows in areas such as food prep and wash down.
• Minimize flow of running water for thawing foods following code for Massachusetts regulations (CMR 105).

COOLING

• Replace water-cooled ice machines with air-cooled units where possible, or retrofit with air-cooled condensers.
• Retrofit once-through water cooled refrigeration units, air conditioners, and ice machines by using temperature controls and a recirculating chilled water loop system.
  

Case Study Example #3
Pillar House in Newton has a water cooled ice machine and two condensers for a walk-in cooler and freezer. If these water-cooled units were converted to air-cooled, the annual water savings from this measure would be approximately 1.04 million gallons of water valued at $5,820. The additional electrical cost is $375 per year for a net savings of $5,445 per year and a payback of the initial investment is realized in 1.3 years.

Case Study Example #4
The Hillttop Steak House in Saugus has three water-cooled refrigerators and two ice machines that use once through cooling. By incorporating this equipment into a recirculating closed loop cooling system the restaurant can save an estimated 5.3 million gallons of water per year valued at $26,500. The cost of this measure is approximately $27,000 which results in a payback of about one year.

SANITARY

• Install Massachusetts Plumbing Code conforming aerators or spring loaded valves on all faucets.
• Retrofit tank-type toilets with displacement devices or dams, or replace existing toilets and urinals with plumbing code conforming ultra low flush (ULF) models. ULF toilets use 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf), and ULF urinals use 1.0 gpf.
• Retrofit flushometer toilets and urinals with low consumption valve replacement kits or replace existing flushometer toilets and urinals with low consumption models. Note: If replacing fixtures incrementally, priority should be given to those fixtures used most frequently.
• If remodeling bathrooms for ADA compliance, replace fixtures with ULF units.
  

Case Study Example #5
Union House in Framingham has seven sinks that can be fitted with 1.5 gallon per minute (gpm) aerators which would result in an annual water and energy savings of $170 dollars. The cost to retrofit the sinks is around $20, and payback for this simple measure is under two months.

Case Study Example #6
Another water saving opportunity for Anthony's Pier 4 involves replacing seventeen flushometer toilets and seven flushometer urinals with ULF models. The project cost is $6,700 with an annual water savings of 1.1 million gallons worth $8,500. This results in a payback of less than ten months.

BUILDING MAINTENANCE

• Read water meters weekly or monthly to monitor your water usage. The MWRA has a bulletin, "Improving Water Efficiency" to help in tracking your facility's water use.
• Find and repair leaks.

***A leaking faucet can waste up to 1000 gallons of water a week - that's over $300 lost per year.***

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